Volcanoes

1. What are the moving puzzle-like pieces of the Earth's crust called?

• A. Mantle fragments
• B. Tectonic plates
• C. Continental blocks
• D. Surface layers

2. What is the primary difference between magma and lava?

• A. Lava is underground; magma is on the surface.
• B. Magma is cooler than lava.
• C. Magma is underground; lava is on the surface.
• D. Magma is only made of ash.

3. What is a 'dormant' volcano?

• A. One that is currently erupting.
• B. One that will never erupt again.
• C. One that is considered 'sleeping' but could erupt in the future.
• D. One that only produces ash and no lava.

4. What is the material that looks like smoke during an eruption?

• A. Volcanic ash
• B. Water vapor
• C. Burning gases
• D. Liquid magma

1. Why does thick, sticky magma cause more violent eruptions than thin, runny magma?

• A. It is hotter than thin magma.
• B. It traps gases inside, causing pressure to build up.
• C. It is heavier than liquid lava.
• D. It melts the Earth's crust more easily.

2. How do hotspots create volcanoes in the middle of a tectonic plate?

• A. The plate cracks because it is too thin.
• B. The hotspot creates a permanent mountain of lava.
• C. A super-hot area in the mantle melts the crust above it as the plate shifts.
• D. The Earth's core gets too full and releases pressure.

3. If you were a scientist monitoring a volcano, why might you be more worried about mudflows than slow lava?

• A. Lava is always harmless to people.
• B. Lava moves slowly, but mudflows can move very quickly and cause destruction.
• C. Mudflows are made of liquid fire.
• D. Volcanoes cannot produce lava anymore.

4. What process occurs when one tectonic plate dives beneath another?

• A. Subduction
• B. Hotspot melting
• C. Crust expansion
• D. Plate cooling